Taking 4D Bio/Printing To Classroom

The emergence of four-dimensional (4D) printing in additive manufacturing (AM), which requires knowledge in multi-physics, chemistry, and engineering skills, is bringing many applications in biomedical, robotics, aerospace, and food industries. The increased usage of AM technology and smart materials in industry means that companies are seeking to develop and manage production system for academics with the multidisciplinary abilities and knowledge. This enables a high interdisciplinary platform for research and project modules suitable to be used in the academic environment for hands-on students training. This paper proposed an easy to implement and follow 4D bio/printing module well designed for students and early career researchers to the filed to learn different aspects of skills and knowledge as part of their engineering course giving them a valuable advantage in an increasingly competitive job market and higher degree research.