3D Bioplotter Research Papers

Processing-structure-property relationships of 3D-printed multi-scale porous ceramics were investigated. Direct ink writing (DIW) of oil-templated colloidal pastes produced hierarchically porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds. Print architecture and microporosity within filaments were varied, mimicking bone structure. The scaffolds exhibited 60–70 % porosity with interconnected macropores 300–700 μm and microporosity within the filaments at the 10 micron-scale. Varying surfactant and oil concentrations created two micro-pore morphologies – bubble-like pores (emulsion) and channel-like pores (capillary suspension). Emulsion scaffolds were stronger, stiffer and more reliable than capillary suspension scaffolds under both compression and bending. Reducing nozzle diameter and inter-filament distance improved strength and stiffness,…