3D Bioplotter Research Papers

Flexible and highly filled piezoelectric nanogenerators with excellent performance play an indispensable role in portable electronic devices, while the bottlenecks are hard to improve the polarization efficiency and prepare three-dimensional (3D) amplifying effect structure. Compared with other typical 3D printing technologies, direct ink writing multi-material printing (DIW-M3D), can extrude multiple viscoelastic ink materials with a wide selection of materials, which has the advantage of integrated multi-material processing. However, there are fewer reports on the use of DIW-M3D technology to print functional composite materials. Inspired from Lego block structures, we utilized DIW-M3D technology to prepare fabrications with alternating arrangements of piezoelectric…

Piezoelectric fluoropolymers convert mechanical energy to electricity and are ideal for sustainably providing power to electronic devices. To convert mechanical energy, a net polarization must be induced in the fluoropolymer, which is currently achieved via an energy intensive electrical poling process. Eliminating this process will enable the low-energy production of efficient energy harvesters. Here, by combining molecular dynamics simulations, piezoresponse force microscopy, and electrodynamic measurements, we reveal a hitherto unseen polarization locking phenomena of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) perpendicular to the basal plane of two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets. This polarization locking, driven by strong electrostatic interactions enabled exceptional energy harvesting…

Flexible piezoelectric generators (PEGs) present a unique opportunity for renewable and sustainable energy harvesting. Here, we present a low-temperature and low-energy deposition method using solvent evaporation-assisted three-dimensional printing to deposit electroactive poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-trifluoroethylene (TrFE) up to 19 structured layers. Visible-wavelength transmittance was above 92%, while ATR-FTIR spectroscopy showed little change in the electroactive phase fraction between layer depositions. Electroactivity from the fabricated PVDF-TrFE PEGs showed that a single structured layer gave the greatest output at 289.3 mV peak-to-peak voltage. This was proposed to be due to shear-induced polarization affording the alignment of the fluoropolymer dipoles without an electric field…