3D Bioplotter Research Papers

Two high-compliance β-Ti alloys – Ti–12Nb–12Zr–12Sn and Ti–6Nb–6Mo–12Zr–12Sn (wt.%) – are manufactured into microlattices via 3D ink-extrusion printing of elemental and hydride powders, followed by sintering and solutionizing at 1400 °C. This study reveals that the formation of “oxygen-rich walls” plays a critical role in triggering embrittlement with intragranular cracking. In compression tests, the Ti–12Nb–12Zr–12Sn microlattices exhibit high compliance (2–6 GPa) but low collapse strength (25–115 MPa) along with semi-brittle behavior, even though stress-induced α” martensite is triggered: stress-strain serrations are explained by the oxygen-rich walls decorated with α plates and athermal ω nanostructures. Nanostructures along these walls are caused by the formation…

An oxygen-resistant refractory high-entropy alloy is synthesized in microlattice or bulk form by 3D ink-extrusion printing, interdiffusion, and silicide coating. Additive manufacturing of equiatomic HfNbTaTiZr is implemented by extruding inks containing hydride powders, de-binding under H2, and sintering under vacuum. The sequential decomposition of hydride powders (HfH2+NbH+TaH0.5+TiH2+ZrH2) is followed by in situ X-ray diffraction. Upon sintering at 1400 °C for 18 h, a nearly fully densified, equiatomic HfNbTaTiZr alloy is synthesized; on slow cooling, both α-HCP and β-BCC phases are formed, but on quenching, a metastable single β-BCC phase is obtained. Printed and sintered HfNbTaTiZr alloys with ≈1 wt.% O shows excellent mechanical properties…