3D Bioplotter Research Papers

There is an urgent need to develop and implement green materials in electronic systems to minimize the negative environmental impact of traditional electronic materials. In this letter, low-temperature cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-carrageenan (CAR) layer is presented as a green electronic gate dielectric for high-performance organic thin-film transistors (OTFT). A metal-free, flexible OTFT, direct printed on polyaniline films using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) gel-based gate–source–drain layers, PVA-CAR gate dielectric, and 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene semiconductor, is tested and characterized compared with a more conventional organic gate dielectric polymethylmethacrylate. PVA-CAR metal–dielectric–metal capacitors showed excellent dielectric properties with an average absolute dielectric constant value of 22.36 and an absolute…

The need for oral health monitoring point-of-care (PoC) systems is ever growing. We have recently reported a novel, aptamer-based flexible biosensor for detection of a high impact hormone—cortisol—in saliva samples using organic electrolyte-gated FET (OEGFET) technology. In this work, we are reporting a system-on-board (SoB) level integration of an improved flexible OEGFET aptasensor, which was previously reliant on a bench-top measurement setup. The reported flexible OEGFET aptasensor has integrated soft microfluidics and a low-power (< 300 mW) customized printed circuit board. The interfacing of flexible aptasensor to the circuit board was achieved using a low-temperature extrusion printing technique. The system…

In this study, two-component, morphologically composite scaffolds consisting of a 3D-printed component and an electrospun fiber component were fabricated and treated with a nitrogen-argon (N2-Ar) plasma to enhance their surface properties. The 3D-printed component provided mechanical strength, while the electrospun fibrous component acted as a mimic to the extracellular matrix to improve cell-substrate interactions. Two biodegradable polyesters, poly(L-lactide-co–ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) and poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), were used to create the scaffolds. The resulting 3D/E/N2-Ar scaffolds were characterized in terms of surface properties (morphology, chemical compositions, wettability, roughness, crystallinity), degradation, mechanical properties, and cell cytotoxicity, cell attachment and proliferation, LDH release and cell apoptosis.…

Successful employment of 3D printing for delivery of therapeutic biomolecules requires protection of their bioactivity on exposure to potentially inactivating conditions. Although intermediary encapsulation of the biomolecules in polymeric particulate delivery vehicles is a promising strategy for this objective, the inclusion of such particles in 3D printing formulations may critically impact the accuracy or precision of 3D printed scaffolds relative to their intended designed architectures, as well as the degradation behavior of both the scaffolds and the included particles. The present work aimed to elucidate the effect of poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) particle size and loading concentration on material accuracy, machine precision,…

3D printing of technical ceramics using direct ink writing (DIW) of multiphase colloidal inks has the unique ability to create structures with hierarchical features. To facilitate the application of 3D printed hierarchical porous ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs), additional limiting factors such as strength and the effect of 3D printed internal lattice structure need to be better understood. This study reports on the strength dependence of common DIW print parameters including internal lattice structure shape, nozzle diameter and spacings between adjacent filaments. The present study applies Weibull statistics to the experimental array that considers macro features introduced through print parameters as…

Highly filled inks including a reactive titanium–boron composite powder (with Ti·2B composition), a polymeric binder, and a solvent mixture combining the main solvent with a plasticizer and surfactant, are prepared for material extrusion-based printing. To determine the effect of particle shape and loading on rheology and printability of the inks, both spherical and irregularly shaped powders with the same composition and close particle sizes are manufactured by high-energy milling and used to formulate 80%, 90%, and 95% (wt.) inks. All ink formulations show shear thinning and shear recovery behavior. The degree of shear thinning decreases with increased particle loading, and…

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a promising technique to construct heterogeneous architectures that mimic cell microenvironment. However, the current bioinks for 3D bioprinting usually show some limitations, such as low printing accuracy, unsatisfactory mechanical properties and compromised cytocompatibility. Herein, a novel bioink comprising hydroxyphenyl propionic acid-conjugated gelatin and tyramine-modified alginate is developed for printing 3D constructs. The bioink takes advantage of an ionic/covalent intertwined network that combines covalent bonds formed by photo-mediated redox reaction and ionic bonds formed by chelate effect. Benefiting from the thermosensitivity of gelatin and the double-crosslinking mechanism, the developed bioink shows controllable rheological behaviors, enhanced mechanical behavior,…

The emergence and innovation of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting provide new development opportunities for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, how to obtain bioinks with both biomimicry and manufacturability remains a great issue in 3D bioprinting. Developing intelligent responsive biomaterials is conducive to break through the current dilemma. Herein, a stepwise multi-cross-linking strategy concerning thermosensitive thiolated Pluronic F127 (PF127-SH) and hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA) is proposed to achieve temperature-controlled 3D embedded bioprinting, specifically pre-cross-linking (Michael addition reaction) at low temperatures (4–20 °C) and subsequently self-assembly (hydrophobic interaction) in a high-temperature (30–37 °C) suspension bath as well as final photo-cross-linking (mainly thiol-ene…

Three-dimensional (3D) functional graphene-based architecture with superior electrical conductivity and good mechanical strength has promising applications in energy storage and electrics. Viscoelasticity-adjustable inks make it possible to achieve desired 3D architectures with interconnected and continuous interior networks by micro-extrusion printing. In this work, ultra-low-concentration graphene oxide (GO) inks of ~ 15 mg·ml−1 have been obtained and demonstrated in direct 3D printing with a facile cross-linking (direct ink writing). The rheological behavior of the GO strategy by cations, which is the lowest concentration to achieve direct ink writing inks, could be adjusted from 1×104 to 1×105 Pa·s−1 with different concentrations of cations due to strong…

Most bone repair scaffolds are multi-connected channel structure, but the hollow structure is not conducive to the transmission of active factors, cells and so on. Here, microspheres were covalently integrated into 3D-printed frameworks to form composite scaffolds for bone repair. The frameworks composed of double bond modified gelatin (Gel-MA) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) provided strong support for related cells climbing and growth. Microspheres, which were made of Gel-MA and chondroitin sulfate A (CSA), were able to connect the frameworks like bridges, providing channels for cells migration. Additionally, CSA released from microspheres promoted the migration of osteoblasts and enhanced osteogenesis. The composite…