3D Bioplotter Research Papers

Thermosensitive inks are considered an attractive option for the 3D bioprinting of different tissue types, yet comprehensive information on their reliability, preparation, and properties remains lacking. This paper addresses this gap by presenting a twofold aim: firstly, characterizing the preparation, rheology, and printing aspects of two inks that have demonstrated success in skeletal muscle tissue engineering both in vitro and in vivo. The first ink is composed of fibrinogen, gelatin, hyaluronic acid, and glycerol, while the second is a sacrificial ink made of gelatin, hyaluronic acid, and glycerol. Secondly, from this analysis, we demonstrate how thermosensitive and multicomponent inks can…

The pH of a wound site can undergo a significant change from its normal range of 5.4–5.6 to a more alkaline environment of 7.2–8.9 after being infected by microorganisms. Therefore, the development of a smart material that can respond to this shift in pH and release antimicrobial agents for effective treatment of wound infections holds great promise for the future of wound care. In the present work, we produced 3D printed alginate wound dressings doped with calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP NPs), referred to as alginate-CaP nanocomposites hereafter. The CaP NPs enabled pH-responsive switching of the degradation and drug release of…

The application of hydroxyapatite (HA)-based templates is quite often seen in bone tissue engineering since that HA is an osteoconductive bioceramic material, which mimics the inorganic component of mineralized tissues. However, the reported osteoconductivity varies in vitro and in vivo, and the levels of calcium (Ca) release most favorable to osteoconduction have yet to be determined. In this study, HA-based templates were fabricated by melt-extrusion 3D-printing and characterized in order to determine a possible correlation between Ca release and osteoconduction. The HA-based templates were blended with poly(lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) (PLATMC) at three different HA ratios: 10, 30, and 50%. The printability…

Solid-state electrolyte structures using sodium polyaluminate ceramics, have been fabricated for the first time using direct ink writing; a material extrusion-based additive manufacturing process. A series of test samples were prepared using a high solids loading (80 wt%; 51.2 vol%) ceramic paste formulations with suitable rheological characteristics for 3D printing. Following optimum densification via conventional sintering at 1600 °C for 30 min, the additively manufactured electrolyte test samples exhibited an ionic conductivity of σ = 0.14 ± 0.019 S·cm−1 at 300 °C and density of ρ = 3.1 ± 0.02 g·cm−3 (relative density of 95%). These results suggest that direct ink writing of sodium polyaluminates…

Encapsulating multiple growth factors within a scaffold enhances the regenerative capacity of engineered bone grafts through their localization and controls the spatiotemporal release profile. In this study, we bioprinted hybrid bone grafts with an inherent built-in controlled growth factor delivery system, which would contribute to vascularized bone formation using a single stem cell source, human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) in vitro. The strategy was to provide precise control over the ASC-derived osteogenesis and angiogenesis at certain regions of the graft through the activity of spatially positioned microencapsulated BMP-2 and VEGF within the osteogenic and angiogenic bioink during bioprinting. The 3D-bioprinted…

Cartilage tissue plays an important role in our life activities. The poor self-repair capacity makes cartilage tissue engineering an urgent clinical demand. Among them, the development of tissue engineering scaffolds with both biomimetic features and microenvironment signal sensing abilities could significantly promote the development of cartilage tissue engineering. While most of the reported cartilage scaffolds have no intelligent sensing features. Herein, a ternary composite 3D printing scaffold with both strain sensing ability and desired mechanical property was developed, by using regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) and polyacrylamide (PAM) as main matrixes, and oxidized bacterial cellulose nanofibers (OBC) as filler. Then, the…

New material solutions are searched for the manufacturing and safety of current batteries. Herein, an extrusion printable polymer separator for lithium batteries based on single-ion polymer electrolytes is presented. The polymer electrolytes are based on methacrylic polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with a lithium sulfonamide group combined with different organic plasticizers such as sulfolane and carbonates. The synthesis of the polymer NPs is carried out by emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and lithium sulfonamide methacrylate in the presence of a crosslinker, resulting in particle sizes of less than 30 nm, as shown by electron microscopy. Then polymer electrolytes are prepared by mixing…

The 3D bioprinting of complex structures has attracted particular attention in recent years and has been explored in several fields, including dentistry, pharmaceutical technology, medical devices, and tissue/organ engineering. However, it still possesses major challenges, such as decreased cell viability due to the prolongation of the printing time, along with difficulties in preserving the print shape. The 4D bioprinting approach, which is based on controlled shape transformation upon stimulation after 3D bioprinting, is a promising innovative method to overcome these difficulties. Herein, the generation of skeletal muscle tissue-like complex structures is demonstrated by 3D bioprinting of GelMA-based C2C12 mouse myoblast-laden…

Hydrogels and bioinks obtained from gelatin (Gel) generally present poor mechanical properties and require a series of time-consuming and stepwise chemical processes to exhibit improved elasticity and resistance to fatigue. Alkali lignin (AL) is an underutilized by-product of the paper and pulp industry. It is a widely available and inexpensive biomaterial that presents enormous potential for high-value applications owing to its ease of chemical modification and unique naturally occurring polyaromatic structure. This work aims to develop different GelAL hydrogel formulations with a single-step method that are innovative and sustainable. The results obtained from the mechanical, rheological, and degradation studies of…

The removal of dying cells, or efferocytosis, is an indispensable part of resolving inflammation. However, the inflammatory microenvironment of the atherosclerotic plaque frequently affects the biology of both apoptotic cells and resident phagocytes, rendering efferocytosis dysfunctional. To overcome this problem, a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) macrophage that can target and engulf phagocytosis-resistant apoptotic cells expressing CD47 is developed. In both normal and inflammatory circumstances, CAR macrophages exhibit activity equivalent to antibody blockage. The surface of CAR macrophages is modified with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive therapeutic nanoparticles targeting the liver X receptor pathway to improve their cell effector activities. The combination…